Seva imapangidwa ndi ma subsystem angapo, iliyonse imakhala ndi gawo lofunikira pakuzindikira momwe seva ikuyendera. Ma subsystems ena ndi ofunikira kwambiri pakuchita kutengera momwe seva imagwiritsidwira ntchito.
Ma seva awa akuphatikizapo:
1. Purosesa ndi posungira
Purosesa ndiye mtima wa seva, yemwe ali ndi udindo wosamalira pafupifupi zochitika zonse. Ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri, ndipo pali malingaliro olakwika omwe anthu ambiri amawona kuti mapurosesa othamanga nthawi zonse amakhala bwino kuti athetse zolepheretsa magwiridwe antchito.
Pakati pazigawo zazikulu zomwe zimayikidwa mu maseva, ma processor nthawi zambiri amakhala amphamvu kuposa ma subsystems ena. Komabe, ndi mapulogalamu apadera ochepa okha omwe angagwiritse ntchito mokwanira ubwino wa mapurosesa amakono monga P4 kapena 64-bit processors.
Mwachitsanzo, zitsanzo za seva zapamwamba monga ma seva a fayilo sadalira kwambiri ntchito ya purosesa popeza ambiri a mafayilo amagwiritsira ntchito teknoloji ya Direct Memory Access (DMA) kuti adutse pulosesa, kutengera maukonde, kukumbukira, ndi ma hard disk subsystems podutsa.
Masiku ano, Intel imapereka mapurosesa osiyanasiyana opangidwira ma seva a X-series. Kumvetsetsa kusiyana ndi maubwino pakati pa mapurosesa osiyanasiyana ndikofunikira.
Cache, yomwe imaganiziridwa kuti ndi gawo laling'ono la kukumbukira, imaphatikizidwa ndi purosesa. CPU ndi cache zimagwira ntchito limodzi, ndi cache ikugwira ntchito pafupifupi theka la liwiro la purosesa kapena zofanana.
2. PCI Basi
Mabasi a PCI ndiye payipi yolowera ndi kutulutsa deta mu maseva. Ma seva onse a X-Series amagwiritsa ntchito basi ya PCI (kuphatikizapo PCI-X ndi PCI-E) kuti agwirizane ndi ma adapter ofunika monga SCSI ndi hard disks. Ma seva apamwamba amakhala ndi mabasi angapo a PCI komanso mipata yambiri ya PCI poyerekeza ndi mitundu yam'mbuyomu.
Mabasi apamwamba a PCI amaphatikizapo matekinoloje monga PCI-X 2.0 ndi PCI-E, omwe amapereka mphamvu zowonjezera za data ndi malumikizidwe. Chip cha PCI chimalumikiza CPU ndi cache ku basi ya PCI. Zidazi zimayang'anira kulumikizana pakati pa basi ya PCI, purosesa, ndi ma memory subsystems kuti muwonjezere magwiridwe antchito onse.
3. Kukumbukira
Memory imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa seva. Ngati seva ilibe kukumbukira kokwanira, ntchito yake imawonongeka, chifukwa makina ogwiritsira ntchito amafunika kusunga deta yowonjezereka mu kukumbukira, koma malo ndi osakwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti deta isagwe pa hard disk.
Chinthu chimodzi chodziwika bwino pamapangidwe a seva ya X-series ndi kukumbukira kukumbukira, komwe kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kuperewera komanso kulekerera zolakwika. Tekinoloje ya kukumbukira kwa IBM ili pafupifupi yofanana ndi RAID-1 ya hard disks, pomwe kukumbukira kumagawidwa m'magulu owonera. The mirroring ntchito ndi hardware ofotokoza, safuna thandizo zina kuchokera opaleshoni dongosolo.
4. Hard Disk
Kuchokera pakuwona kwa woyang'anira, hard disk subsystem ndiye chodziwika bwino cha magwiridwe antchito a seva. M'makonzedwe apamwamba a zida zosungira pa intaneti (cache, memory, hard disk), hard disk ndiyomwe imachedwa kwambiri koma ili ndi mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri. Pamapulogalamu ambiri a seva, pafupifupi deta yonse imasungidwa pa hard disk, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti hard disk subsystem ikhale yovuta.
RAID imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kuwonjezera malo osungira mu maseva. Komabe, magulu a RAID amakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a seva. Kusankhidwa kwa magawo osiyanasiyana a RAID kuti afotokoze ma disks osiyanasiyana omveka kumakhudza magwiridwe antchito, ndipo malo osungiramo ndi chidziwitso chofanana ndi chosiyana. Makhadi osiyanasiyana a IBM a ServeRAID ndi makhadi a IBM Fiber Channel amapereka zosankha kuti akwaniritse magawo osiyanasiyana a RAID, iliyonse ili ndi kasinthidwe kake.
Chinthu chinanso chofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito ndi chiwerengero cha ma hard disks mumagulu okonzedwa: ma disks ambiri, ndi bwino kupititsa patsogolo. Kumvetsetsa momwe RAID imagwirira ntchito zopempha za I/O kumathandizira kwambiri pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito.
Matekinoloje atsopano, monga SATA ndi SAS, akugwiritsidwa ntchito kupititsa patsogolo ntchito ndi kudalirika.
5. Network
Adapter network ndi mawonekedwe omwe seva imalumikizana ndi dziko lakunja. Ngati deta ingathe kuchita bwino kwambiri kudzera mu mawonekedwe awa, kachitidwe kameneka kamphamvu kakhoza kukhudza kwambiri ntchito yonse ya seva.
Mapangidwe a netiweki ndiofunikanso chimodzimodzi monga kapangidwe ka seva. Kusintha kogawa magawo osiyanasiyana amtaneti kapena kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje ngati ATM ndikofunikira kuganiziridwa.
Makhadi ochezera a Gigabit tsopano amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'maseva kuti apereke zofunikira kwambiri. Komabe, matekinoloje atsopano monga TCP Offload Engine (TOE) kuti akwaniritse mitengo ya 10G ali pafupi.
6. Zithunzi Khadi
Mawonekedwe a subsystem mu maseva ndi osafunika chifukwa amangogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati olamulira akuyenera kuyang'anira seva. Makasitomala sagwiritsa ntchito khadi lazithunzi, kotero magwiridwe antchito a seva nthawi zambiri samatsindika kachitidwe kameneka.
7. Njira Yoyendetsera Ntchito
Timawona makina ogwiritsira ntchito ngati cholepheretsa, monga ma hard disk subsystems. M'makina ogwiritsira ntchito monga Windows, Linux, ESX Server, ndi NetWare, pali makonda omwe angasinthidwe kuti asinthe magwiridwe antchito a seva.
Magawo ang'onoang'ono ozindikira magwiridwe antchito amadalira kugwiritsa ntchito kwa seva. Kuzindikiritsa ndi kuthetsa zolepheretsa zingatheke posonkhanitsa ndi kusanthula deta yogwira ntchito. Komabe, ntchitoyi singathe kutha nthawi imodzi, chifukwa zopinga zimatha kusiyanasiyana ndi kusintha kwa ntchito za seva, mwina tsiku lililonse kapena sabata.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-20-2023
