Kuti muthandizire kuwerengeka kwa mitu yotsatira ya bukhuli, apa pali mawu ofunikira osungira disk. Kusunga kukhazikika kwa mitu, mafotokozedwe atsatanetsatane aukadaulo sadzaperekedwa.
SCSI:
Mwachidule pa Small Computer System Interface, idapangidwa koyamba mu 1979 ngati ukadaulo wamakompyuta ang'onoang'ono koma tsopano yatumizidwa ku ma PC wamba ndikupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wamakompyuta.
ATA (AT Attachment):
Imadziwikanso kuti IDE, mawonekedwewa adapangidwa kuti azilumikiza basi ya kompyuta ya AT yopangidwa mu 1984 molunjika kumagalimoto ophatikizika ndi owongolera. "AT" mu ATA imachokera ku kompyuta ya AT, yomwe inali yoyamba kugwiritsa ntchito basi ya ISA.
Seri ATA (SATA):
Imagwiritsa ntchito kusamutsa deta yosawerengeka, kutumiza pang'ono chabe ya data pa wotchi iliyonse. Ngakhale ma hard drive a ATA akhala akugwiritsa ntchito njira zosinthira zofananira, zomwe zimatha kusokonezedwa ndi ma sign ndi kukhudza kukhazikika kwadongosolo pakasamutsa deta mwachangu, SATA imathetsa nkhaniyi pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosinthira serial yokhala ndi chingwe chawaya 4 chokha.
NAS (Network Attached Storage):
Imagwirizanitsa zida zosungira ku gulu la makompyuta pogwiritsa ntchito topology yamtundu wamtundu monga Ethernet. NAS ndi njira yosungiramo magawo omwe cholinga chake ndi kuthana ndi kufunikira kokulirapo kwa kuchuluka kwa zosungirako m'magulu ogwira ntchito ndi mabungwe am'madipatimenti.
DAS (Kusungirako Mwachindunji):
Zimatanthawuza kulumikiza zida zosungirako mwachindunji ku kompyuta kudzera pa SCSI kapena Fiber Channel interfaces. Zogulitsa za DAS zimaphatikizapo zida zosungirako ndi ma seva osavuta ophatikizika omwe amatha kugwira ntchito zonse zokhudzana ndi kupeza mafayilo ndi kasamalidwe.
SAN (Storage Area Network):
Imalumikizana ndi gulu la makompyuta kudzera pa Fiber Channel. SAN imapereka kulumikizana kwamagulu angapo koma sagwiritsa ntchito ma topology amtundu wamba. SAN imayang'ana kwambiri kuthana ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi kusungirako m'malo amakampani ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'malo osungiramo zinthu zambiri.
Mndandanda:
Zimatanthawuza dongosolo la disk lopangidwa ndi ma disks angapo omwe amagwira ntchito mofanana. Wolamulira wa RAID amaphatikiza ma disks angapo kukhala gulu pogwiritsa ntchito njira yake ya SCSI. Mwachidule, array ndi disk system yomwe imakhala ndi ma disks angapo omwe amagwira ntchito limodzi. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ma disks osankhidwa ngati ma spare otentha sangathe kuwonjezeredwa pamndandanda.
Kufalikira kwa Array:
Zimaphatikizapo kuphatikiza malo osungira awiri, atatu, kapena anayi a disk kuti apange galimoto yomveka yokhala ndi malo osungira osalekeza. Olamulira a RAID amatha kukhala ndi magulu angapo, koma gulu lirilonse liyenera kukhala ndi ma disks ofanana ndi mlingo womwewo wa RAID. Mwachitsanzo, RAID 1, RAID 3, ndi RAID 5 akhoza kufalikira kuti apange RAID 10, RAID 30, ndi RAID 50, motsatira.
Ndondomeko ya Cache:
Zimatanthawuza njira yosungiramo zowongolera za RAID, zomwe zitha kukhala Cached I/O kapena Direct I/O. I/O yosungidwa imagwiritsa ntchito njira zowerengera ndi kulemba ndipo nthawi zambiri imasunga data powerenga. Direct I / O, kumbali ina, amawerenga deta yatsopano kuchokera ku diski pokhapokha ngati deta ya data ikupezeka mobwerezabwereza, momwemo imagwiritsa ntchito njira yowerengera yowerengera ndikusunga deta. Muzochitika zowerengedwa mwachisawawa, palibe deta yomwe imasungidwa.
Kukulitsa Mphamvu:
Pamene njira yowonetsera mphamvu yakhazikitsidwa kuti ipezeke muzosintha zofulumira za wolamulira wa RAID, wolamulirayo amakhazikitsa danga la disk, kulola ma disks owonjezera kuti akule mu malo enieni pomanganso. Kumanganso kungathe kuchitidwa pagalimoto imodzi yomveka mkati mwa gulu limodzi, ndipo kukulitsa pa intaneti sikungagwiritsidwe ntchito motsatizana.
Channel:
Ndi njira yamagetsi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusamutsa deta ndikuwongolera zambiri pakati pa owongolera awiri a disk.
Mtundu:
Ndi njira yolembera zero pazigawo zonse za data disk (hard drive). Kupanga ndi ntchito yakuthupi yomwe imaphatikizanso kuyang'ana mosasinthasintha kwa disk medium ndikuyika magawo osawerengeka komanso oyipa. Popeza kuti ma hard drive ambiri amapangidwa kale kufakitale, kupanga masanjidwe ndikofunikira kokha pakachitika zolakwika za disk.
Hot Spare:
Pamene disk yomwe ikugwira ntchito ikulephera, disk yotsalira, yopanda ntchito, yoyendetsedwa ndi nthawi yomweyo imalowa m'malo mwa disk yomwe yalephera. Njirayi imadziwika kuti hot sparing. Ma disks osungira otentha samasunga zidziwitso za ogwiritsa ntchito, ndipo ma disks opitilira asanu ndi atatu amatha kusankhidwa ngati ma spare otentha. A hot spare disk atha kuperekedwa ku gulu limodzi losafunikira kapena kukhala gawo la hot spare disk dziwe la gulu lonse. Kukanika kwa diski kukuchitika, firmware ya wolamulirayo imangolowetsa disk yomwe idalepherayo ndi diski yotentha yokhazikika ndikukonzanso deta kuchokera pa disk yomwe idalephera kupita ku disk yotentha. Detayo imatha kumangidwanso kuchokera pagalimoto yokhazikika (kupatula RAID 0), ndipo diski yotentha yotentha iyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira. Woyang'anira dongosolo atha kulowa m'malo mwa disk yomwe idalephera ndikusankha disk yolowa m'malo ngati yotsalira yatsopano.
Hot Swap Disk Module:
Hot swap mode imalola oyang'anira dongosolo kuti alowe m'malo mwa disk drive yomwe yalephera popanda kutseka seva kapena kusokoneza mautumiki apaintaneti. Popeza mphamvu zonse ndi zingwe zolumikizira zimaphatikizidwa pa backplane ya seva, kusinthanitsa kotentha kumaphatikizapo kungochotsa diski kuchokera pa drive khola slot, yomwe ndi njira yolunjika. Kenako, disk yosinthira yotentha imalowetsedwa mu slot. Ukadaulo wosinthana wotentha umagwira ntchito pazosintha za RAID 1, 3, 5, 10, 30, ndi 50.
I2O (Zolemba Zanzeru/Zotulutsa):
I2O ndi zomangamanga zokhazikika zamafakitale zamagawo ang'onoang'ono / zotulutsa zomwe sizimayenderana ndi ma netiweki ogwiritsira ntchito ndipo sizifuna thandizo kuchokera kuzipangizo zakunja. I2O imagwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu oyendetsa omwe angathe kugawidwa mu Operating System Services Modules (OSMs) ndi Hardware Device Modules (HDMs).
Kuyambitsa:
Ndi njira yolembera ziro pagawo la data la mayendedwe omveka ndikupanga magawo ofananira kuti abweretse mayendedwe omveka bwino. Kuyambitsa kumachotsa deta yam'mbuyo ndikupanga mgwirizano, kotero kuyendetsa bwino kumayendera mosasinthasintha panthawiyi. Gulu lomwe silinayambike silingagwiritsidwe ntchito chifukwa silinapange kufanana ndipo libweretsa zolakwika zowunika.
IOP (I/O Purosesa):
I/O processor ndiye likulu la olamulira a RAID, omwe ali ndi udindo wowongolera malamulo, kutumiza ma data pamabasi a PCI ndi SCSI, kukonza kwa RAID, kukonzanso kwa disk drive, kasamalidwe ka cache, ndi kuchira kolakwika.
Kuyendetsa Mwanzeru:
Zimatanthawuza ma drive enieni omwe amatha kukhala ndi ma disks ambiri. Ma drive omveka amagawaniza ma disks motsatizana kapena kutsatiridwa m'malo osungira osalekeza omwe amagawidwa pama diski onse pamndandanda. Wowongolera wa RAID amatha kukhazikitsa ma drive 8 omveka amitundu yosiyanasiyana, yokhala ndi drive imodzi yomveka yofunikira pamndandanda uliwonse. Ntchito zolowetsa/zotulutsa zitha kuchitika pokhapokha pagalimoto yolondola ili pa intaneti.
Voliyumu Yomveka:
Ndi disk yeniyeni yopangidwa ndi ma drive omveka, omwe amadziwikanso kuti magawo a disk.
Kuwonetsa:
Ndi mtundu wa redundancy pomwe deta pa disk imodzi imawonetsedwa pa disk ina. RAID 1 ndi RAID 10 amagwiritsa ntchito mirroring.
Parity:
Posungira deta ndi kutumiza, kuyanjana kumaphatikizapo kuwonjezera pang'ono pang'onopang'ono kuti muwone zolakwika. Nthawi zambiri imapanga deta yowonjezereka kuchokera ku deta ziwiri kapena zingapo zoyambirira, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pomanganso deta yoyambirira kuchokera ku deta yoyambirira. Komabe, deta yaparity si kopi yeniyeni ya deta yoyambirira.
Mu RAID, njirayi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa ma drive onse a disk motsatira. Parity ingathenso kugawidwa pama disks onse mu dongosolo mwadongosolo lodzipatulira la parity. Ngati diski ikulephera, deta yomwe ili pa disk yolephera ikhoza kumangidwanso pogwiritsa ntchito deta kuchokera ku disks ena ndi deta yaparity.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-12-2023
